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\n\n How CT Scans are Performed for Abdominal Trauma:
\nThe way CT scans are performed varies somewhat across clinical sites. Different institutions may have their own CT protocols, which are specific instructions for how the scan is done. Imaging studies acquired using different protocols are included in the challenge dataset, which was contributed by 23 institutions from 14 countries and 6 continents.
\nOne important aspect of protocols for CT scans for abdominal trauma is the use of contrast material. Contrast is a special dye injected into a vein to make the organs and blood vessels easier to see in the images. The timing of CT image acquisition after the injection of intravenous (IV) contrast (i.e. phase) affects how organs and blood vessels appear. The different phases of a CT scan are essential because they give doctors more information about the injuries and organs.
\nThe three most common CT protocols are:
\nPortal venous phase CT: In this protocol, IV contrast material is used, which helps doctors see the organs and blood vessels more clearly. It is particularly helpful in detecting injuries and areas of bleeding.
Multiphasic CT: This is a more specialized protocol that involves capturing images at different times after injecting the contrast. A multiphasic CT protocol can use a combination of the following phases:
\nNon-contrast: Images are taken before the IV contrast is injected. Non-contrast images are not part of the challenge dataset.
Late arterial phase: Images are taken approximately 35 seconds after injecting IV contrast. The phase helps to evaluate the blood vessels and find areas of active bleeding.
Portal venous phase: Images are taken approximately 75 seconds after the IV contrast injection. This phase provides a better view of the solid abdominal organs and bowel. Areas of active bleeding typically grow between the late arterial and portal venous phases.
Delayed (optional): Images are taken a few minutes later, allowing doctors to see if there is an injury of the ureters and bladder, as well as areas of active bleeding. Delayed phase images are not part of the challenge dataset.
Split bolus CT. In this type of protocol, images are taken once and are a blend of arterial and portal venous phase imaging.
| \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n
| Non-contrast\n | \nArterial Phase\n | \nPortal Venous Phase\n | \nDelayed Phase\n | \n
\n
The dataset used in this includes portal venous, multiphasic (late arterial and portal venous), and split bolus protocol CTs. The multiphasic CTs will have 2 Series Instance UIDs, one each for the late arterial and portal venous phase. The portal venous and split bolus CTs will have a single Series Instance UID.
\nOne way to determine phases in a multiphasic CT is to measure the density of blood in the abdominal aorta in Hounsfield units. This is provided in the [train/test]_series_meta.csv file in the aortic_hu column. For a multiphasic CT scan, the higher value typically indicates the late arterial phase.
\nThe CT protocols from different institutions can also differ in the range of anatomy scanned. For example, some institutions may scan the entire chest, abdomen, and pelvis in the late arterial and portal venous phases. Other centers may scan the chest and only part of the upper abdomen in the arterial phase followed by portal venous phase imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. This variety in scan coverage is present in the competition dataset due to its multi-institutional composition.
\nThe portal venous phase and split bolus CTs in the challenge dataset include the entire abdomen and pelvis, and potentially parts of the chest. The late arterial phase images have variable coverage of the abdomen and pelvis. We decided to keep late arterial phase images even if they only partially covered the solid abdominal organs (i.e. liver, spleen, and kidney) and highlighted them by the incomplete_organ column in the CSV file. The incomplete_organ label is only provided for CT scans in the training set.
\n\n\n![\"alt_text\"](\"https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-forum-message-attachments/o/inbox%2F11062440%2F3b90e93c5edaf0ef89d401a8fdef63fa%2FComplete1.png?generation=1690417014883074&alt=media\") \n\n | \n \n\n![\"alt_text\"](\"https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-forum-message-attachments/o/inbox%2F11062440%2F5ba7858e796c0c0fdb2033b425712fe8%2FIncomplete1.png?generation=1690417453654232&alt=media\") \n\n | \n \n |
| Complete Organ Coverage\n | \nIncomplete Organ Coverage\n | \n
How CT Scans are Performed for Abdominal Trauma:
\nThe way CT scans are performed varies somewhat across clinical sites. Different institutions may have their own CT protocols, which are specific instructions for how the scan is done. Imaging studies acquired using different protocols are included in the challenge dataset, which was contributed by 23 institutions from 14 countries and 6 continents.
\nOne important aspect of protocols for CT scans for abdominal trauma is the use of contrast material. Contrast is a special dye injected into a vein to make the organs and blood vessels easier to see in the images. The timing of CT image acquisition after the injection of intravenous (IV) contrast (i.e. phase) affects how organs and blood vessels appear. The different phases of a CT scan are essential because they give doctors more information about the injuries and organs.
\nThe three most common CT protocols are:
\nPortal venous phase CT: In this protocol, IV contrast material is used, which helps doctors see the organs and blood vessels more clearly. It is particularly helpful in detecting injuries and areas of bleeding.
Multiphasic CT: This is a more specialized protocol that involves capturing images at different times after injecting the contrast. A multiphasic CT protocol can use a combination of the following phases:
\nNon-contrast: Images are taken before the IV contrast is injected. Non-contrast images are not part of the challenge dataset.
Late arterial phase: Images are taken approximately 35 seconds after injecting IV contrast. The phase helps to evaluate the blood vessels and find areas of active bleeding.
Portal venous phase: Images are taken approximately 75 seconds after the IV contrast injection. This phase provides a better view of the solid abdominal organs and bowel. Areas of active bleeding typically grow between the late arterial and portal venous phases.
Delayed (optional): Images are taken a few minutes later, allowing doctors to see if there is an injury of the ureters and bladder, as well as areas of active bleeding. Delayed phase images are not part of the challenge dataset.
Split bolus CT. In this type of protocol, images are taken once and are a blend of arterial and portal venous phase imaging.
| \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n
| Non-contrast\n | \nArterial Phase\n | \nPortal Venous Phase\n | \nDelayed Phase\n | \n
\n
The dataset used in this includes portal venous, multiphasic (late arterial and portal venous), and split bolus protocol CTs. The multiphasic CTs will have 2 Series Instance UIDs, one each for the late arterial and portal venous phase. The portal venous and split bolus CTs will have a single Series Instance UID.
\nOne way to determine phases in a multiphasic CT is to measure the density of blood in the abdominal aorta in Hounsfield units. This is provided in the [train/test]_series_meta.csv file in the aortic_hu column. For a multiphasic CT scan, the higher value typically indicates the late arterial phase.
\nThe CT protocols from different institutions can also differ in the range of anatomy scanned. For example, some institutions may scan the entire chest, abdomen, and pelvis in the late arterial and portal venous phases. Other centers may scan the chest and only part of the upper abdomen in the arterial phase followed by portal venous phase imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. This variety in scan coverage is present in the competition dataset due to its multi-institutional composition.
\nThe portal venous phase and split bolus CTs in the challenge dataset include the entire abdomen and pelvis, and potentially parts of the chest. The late arterial phase images have variable coverage of the abdomen and pelvis. We decided to keep late arterial phase images even if they only partially covered the solid abdominal organs (i.e. liver, spleen, and kidney) and highlighted them by the incomplete_organ column in the CSV file. The incomplete_organ label is only provided for CT scans in the training set.
\n| \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n |
| Complete Organ Coverage\n | \nIncomplete Organ Coverage\n | \n
| \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n
| Non-contrast\n | \nArterial Phase\n | \nPortal Venous Phase\n | \nDelayed Phase\n | \n
| \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n |
| Complete Organ Coverage\n | \nIncomplete Organ Coverage\n | \n
The dataset used in this includes portal venous, (late arterial portal venous), split protocol CTs. The CTs will have Series UIDs, one each for the late arterial portal venous phase. The portal venous split CTs will have a single Series UID.\nDoes this means that for the patient ids that have two scans, one scan is late arterial phase and the other is portal venous?
", "rawMarkdown": "```\nThe dataset used in this includes portal venous, multiphasic (late arterial and portal venous), and split bolus protocol CTs. The multiphasic CTs will have 2 Series Instance UIDs, one each for the late arterial and portal venous phase. The portal venous and split bolus CTs will have a single Series Instance UID.\n```\n\nDoes this means that for the patient ids that have two scans, one scan is late arterial phase and the other is portal venous?", "votes": 4, "replies": [ { "id": 2406264, "postDate": "2023-08-24T10:16:57.883Z", "content": "I think we can check this with train_series_meta.csv file.
\nit contains aortic_hu value and this value gives us an idea of how much contrast enhancement has occurred.
\n\nThe incomplete_organ label is only provided for CT scans in the training set.
\n
I understand that the incomplete organ is not in the testset, but does the patient data that is multi-phase exist in the testset?
\nIf so, I would like to know which one will be used to predict on a per-patient basis.
Thanks for the clarification, very helpful.
", "rawMarkdown": "Thanks for the clarification, very helpful." }, { "id": 2361854, "postDate": "2023-07-27T16:35:40.080Z", "content": "Hi! Any tips for opening the Segmentation files since they don't have a file extension?
", "rawMarkdown": "Hi! Any tips for opening the Segmentation files since they don't have a file extension?", "replies": [ { "id": 2361859, "postDate": "2023-07-27T16:43:44.860Z", "content": "Sorry, those should all be .nii. I'll get that fixed in the next day or two.
The dataset used in this includes portal venous, (late arterial portal venous), split protocol CTs. The CTs will have Series UIDs, one each for the late arterial portal venous phase. The portal venous split CTs will have a single Series UID.\nDoes this means that for the patient ids that have two scans, one scan is late arterial phase and the other is portal venous?
", "votes": 4, "replies": [ { "id": 2406264, "author_name": "kuchoco97", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2023-08-24T10:16:57.883000", "content": "I think we can check this with train_series_meta.csv file.
\nit contains aortic_hu value and this value gives us an idea of how much contrast enhancement has occurred.
\n\nThe incomplete_organ label is only provided for CT scans in the training set.
\n
I understand that the incomplete organ is not in the testset, but does the patient data that is multi-phase exist in the testset?
\nIf so, I would like to know which one will be used to predict on a per-patient basis.
Thanks for the clarification, very helpful.
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 2361854, "author_name": "Anouk Stein, MD", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2023-07-27T16:35:40.080000", "content": "Hi! Any tips for opening the Segmentation files since they don't have a file extension?
", "votes": 0, "replies": [ { "id": 2361859, "author_name": "Sohier Dane", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2023-07-27T16:43:44.860000", "content": "Sorry, those should all be .nii. I'll get that fixed in the next day or two.
| \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n
| Non-contrast\n | \nArterial Phase\n | \nPortal Venous Phase\n | \nDelayed Phase\n | \n
| \n\n\n\n | \n \n\n\n\n | \n \n |
| Complete Organ Coverage\n | \nIncomplete Organ Coverage\n | \n