{
  "id": 147975,
  "title": "What's prostate cancer?",
  "url": "/competitions/prostate-cancer-grade-assessment/discussion/147975",
  "author_name": "Kurian Benoy",
  "post_date": "2020-05-02T16:14:45.863000",
  "votes": 2,
  "comment_count": 0,
  "views": 0,
  "content": "<p>The prostate and seminal vesicles are part of the male reproductive system. The prostate is about the size of a walnut and weighs about one ounce. The seminal vesicles are two much smaller paired glands. These glands are attached to each side of the prostate. Some have said that the seminal vesicles look like rabbit ears attached to the prostate. The prostate is below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate surrounds the urethra. The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out through the penis. This is why men with an enlarged prostate have difficulty urinating. It can disrupt the flow of urine from the bladder. the prostate is just a single gland and not 2 glands as images depict.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F1310697%2F246ba7c21556a4d15ab9818357ec34de%2Fprostate.PNG?generation=1588435109353915&amp;alt=media\" alt=\"Male reproduction system\">\n[2]</p>\n\n<p>The main job of the prostate and seminal vesicles is to make fluid to bathe semen. During ejaculation, sperm is made in the testicles and then moves to the urethra. At the same time, fluid from the prostate and the seminal vesicles also moves into the urethra. This mixture of semen and fluid from the prostate and seminal vesicles forms the ejaculate that passes through the urethra and out of the penis.</p>\n\n<p>When prostate cancer occurs, it starts in the prostate gland and occasionally spreads to the seminal vesicles.</p>\n\n<p>In India alone: <strong>1 million cases are reported per year</strong>(more than the no of Covid-19 cases)</p>\n\n<p>There are 2 growth stages of the prostate:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>Benign growths (like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): which don't invade tissues around them and can be removed slowly is not a threat to life.</p></li>\n<li><p>Malignant growths (prostate cancer): which can spread to other tissues like(such as the bladder or rectum), which even on removal can grow back is a threat to life.</p></li>\n</ul>\n\n<h2>Symptoms</h2>\n\n<p>In its early stages, prostate cancer often has no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can be like those of an enlarged prostate or BPH. Prostate cancer can also cause symptoms unrelated to BPH. If you have urinary problems, talk with your healthcare provider about them.</p>\n\n<p>Symptoms of prostate cancer can be:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Dull pain in the lower pelvic area</li>\n<li>Frequent urinating</li>\n<li>Trouble urinating, pain, burning, or weak urine flow</li>\n<li>Blood in urine</li>\n<li>Painful ejaculation</li>\n<li>Pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs</li>\n<li>Loss of appetite</li>\n<li>Loss of weight</li>\n<li>Bone pain</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>To know more about how prostate tissues are being graded according to the Gleason grading system and get insights from data. Check @gpreda <a href=\"https://www.kaggle.com/gpreda/panda-challenge-starting-eda\">Panda challenge EDA notebook</a></p>\n\nReferences\n\n<p>[1]  <a href=\"https://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/prostate-cancer\">https://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/prostate-cancer</a>\n[2] NCERT text book Biology(class 12) </p>",
  "messages": [
    {
      "id": 830480,
      "postDate": "2020-05-02T16:14:45.863Z",
      "content": "<p>The prostate and seminal vesicles are part of the male reproductive system. The prostate is about the size of a walnut and weighs about one ounce. The seminal vesicles are two much smaller paired glands. These glands are attached to each side of the prostate. Some have said that the seminal vesicles look like rabbit ears attached to the prostate. The prostate is below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate surrounds the urethra. The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out through the penis. This is why men with an enlarged prostate have difficulty urinating. It can disrupt the flow of urine from the bladder. the prostate is just a single gland and not 2 glands as images depict.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F1310697%2F246ba7c21556a4d15ab9818357ec34de%2Fprostate.PNG?generation=1588435109353915&amp;alt=media\" alt=\"Male reproduction system\">\n[2]</p>\n\n<p>The main job of the prostate and seminal vesicles is to make fluid to bathe semen. During ejaculation, sperm is made in the testicles and then moves to the urethra. At the same time, fluid from the prostate and the seminal vesicles also moves into the urethra. This mixture of semen and fluid from the prostate and seminal vesicles forms the ejaculate that passes through the urethra and out of the penis.</p>\n\n<p>When prostate cancer occurs, it starts in the prostate gland and occasionally spreads to the seminal vesicles.</p>\n\n<p>In India alone: <strong>1 million cases are reported per year</strong>(more than the no of Covid-19 cases)</p>\n\n<p>There are 2 growth stages of the prostate:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>Benign growths (like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): which don't invade tissues around them and can be removed slowly is not a threat to life.</p></li>\n<li><p>Malignant growths (prostate cancer): which can spread to other tissues like(such as the bladder or rectum), which even on removal can grow back is a threat to life.</p></li>\n</ul>\n\n<h2>Symptoms</h2>\n\n<p>In its early stages, prostate cancer often has no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can be like those of an enlarged prostate or BPH. Prostate cancer can also cause symptoms unrelated to BPH. If you have urinary problems, talk with your healthcare provider about them.</p>\n\n<p>Symptoms of prostate cancer can be:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Dull pain in the lower pelvic area</li>\n<li>Frequent urinating</li>\n<li>Trouble urinating, pain, burning, or weak urine flow</li>\n<li>Blood in urine</li>\n<li>Painful ejaculation</li>\n<li>Pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs</li>\n<li>Loss of appetite</li>\n<li>Loss of weight</li>\n<li>Bone pain</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>To know more about how prostate tissues are being graded according to the Gleason grading system and get insights from data. Check @gpreda <a href=\"https://www.kaggle.com/gpreda/panda-challenge-starting-eda\">Panda challenge EDA notebook</a></p>\n\nReferences\n\n<p>[1]  <a href=\"https://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/prostate-cancer\">https://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/prostate-cancer</a>\n[2] NCERT text book Biology(class 12) </p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "The prostate and seminal vesicles are part of the male reproductive system. The prostate is about the size of a walnut and weighs about one ounce. The seminal vesicles are two much smaller paired glands. These glands are attached to each side of the prostate. Some have said that the seminal vesicles look like rabbit ears attached to the prostate. The prostate is below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate surrounds the urethra. The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out through the penis. This is why men with an enlarged prostate have difficulty urinating. It can disrupt the flow of urine from the bladder. the prostate is just a single gland and not 2 glands as images depict.\n\n![Male reproduction system](https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F1310697%2F246ba7c21556a4d15ab9818357ec34de%2Fprostate.PNG?generation=1588435109353915&amp;alt=media)\n[2]\n\nThe main job of the prostate and seminal vesicles is to make fluid to bathe semen. During ejaculation, sperm is made in the testicles and then moves to the urethra. At the same time, fluid from the prostate and the seminal vesicles also moves into the urethra. This mixture of semen and fluid from the prostate and seminal vesicles forms the ejaculate that passes through the urethra and out of the penis.\n\nWhen prostate cancer occurs, it starts in the prostate gland and occasionally spreads to the seminal vesicles.\n\nIn India alone: **1 million cases are reported per year**(more than the no of Covid-19 cases)\n\nThere are 2 growth stages of the prostate:\n\n- Benign growths (like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): which don't invade tissues around them and can be removed slowly is not a threat to life.\n\n- Malignant growths (prostate cancer): which can spread to other tissues like(such as the bladder or rectum), which even on removal can grow back is a threat to life.\n\n## Symptoms\n\nIn its early stages, prostate cancer often has no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can be like those of an enlarged prostate or BPH. Prostate cancer can also cause symptoms unrelated to BPH. If you have urinary problems, talk with your healthcare provider about them.\n\nSymptoms of prostate cancer can be:\n\n* Dull pain in the lower pelvic area\n* Frequent urinating\n* Trouble urinating, pain, burning, or weak urine flow\n* Blood in urine\n* Painful ejaculation\n* Pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs\n* Loss of appetite\n* Loss of weight\n* Bone pain\n\n\nTo know more about how prostate tissues are being graded according to the Gleason grading system and get insights from data. Check @gpreda [Panda challenge EDA notebook](https://www.kaggle.com/gpreda/panda-challenge-starting-eda)\n\n#### References\n\n[1]  https://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/prostate-cancer\n[2] NCERT text book Biology(class 12) ",
      "votes": 2
    }
  ],
  "comments": [],
  "raw_markdown_by_id": {
    "830480": "The prostate and seminal vesicles are part of the male reproductive system. The prostate is about the size of a walnut and weighs about one ounce. The seminal vesicles are two much smaller paired glands. These glands are attached to each side of the prostate. Some have said that the seminal vesicles look like rabbit ears attached to the prostate. The prostate is below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate surrounds the urethra. The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out through the penis. This is why men with an enlarged prostate have difficulty urinating. It can disrupt the flow of urine from the bladder. the prostate is just a single gland and not 2 glands as images depict.\n\n![Male reproduction system](https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F1310697%2F246ba7c21556a4d15ab9818357ec34de%2Fprostate.PNG?generation=1588435109353915&amp;alt=media)\n[2]\n\nThe main job of the prostate and seminal vesicles is to make fluid to bathe semen. During ejaculation, sperm is made in the testicles and then moves to the urethra. At the same time, fluid from the prostate and the seminal vesicles also moves into the urethra. This mixture of semen and fluid from the prostate and seminal vesicles forms the ejaculate that passes through the urethra and out of the penis.\n\nWhen prostate cancer occurs, it starts in the prostate gland and occasionally spreads to the seminal vesicles.\n\nIn India alone: **1 million cases are reported per year**(more than the no of Covid-19 cases)\n\nThere are 2 growth stages of the prostate:\n\n- Benign growths (like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): which don't invade tissues around them and can be removed slowly is not a threat to life.\n\n- Malignant growths (prostate cancer): which can spread to other tissues like(such as the bladder or rectum), which even on removal can grow back is a threat to life.\n\n## Symptoms\n\nIn its early stages, prostate cancer often has no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can be like those of an enlarged prostate or BPH. Prostate cancer can also cause symptoms unrelated to BPH. If you have urinary problems, talk with your healthcare provider about them.\n\nSymptoms of prostate cancer can be:\n\n* Dull pain in the lower pelvic area\n* Frequent urinating\n* Trouble urinating, pain, burning, or weak urine flow\n* Blood in urine\n* Painful ejaculation\n* Pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs\n* Loss of appetite\n* Loss of weight\n* Bone pain\n\n\nTo know more about how prostate tissues are being graded according to the Gleason grading system and get insights from data. Check @gpreda [Panda challenge EDA notebook](https://www.kaggle.com/gpreda/panda-challenge-starting-eda)\n\n#### References\n\n[1]  https://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/prostate-cancer\n[2] NCERT text book Biology(class 12) "
  }
}